General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0021)
DME Name Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19), Homo sapiens DME Info
UniProt ID
CP2CJ_HUMAN
EC Number    EC: 1.14.14.1     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Oxidoreductase
Oxygen paired donor oxidoreductase
Flavin/flavoprotein donor oxidoreductase
EC: 1.14.14.1
Lineage    Species: Homo sapiens     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome
Disease Specific Interactions between Host Protein and DME (HOSPPI)
      ICD Disease Classification Healthy
               ICD-11: Healthy Click to Show/Hide the Full List of HOSPPI:        7 HOSPPI
                     Oligomerization
                            Cytochrome b5 (CYB5A) Health Heterodimer
Uniprot ID
CYB5_HUMAN
Interaction Name CYB5A-CYP2C19 heterodimerization [1], [2]
Studied Cell Lines DLPC vesicles
Description Cytochrome b5 (CYB5A) is reported to heterodimerize with the CYP2C19 protein, which leads to an altered activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between CYB5A and CYP2C19 can modulate the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
                            Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) Health Heterooligomer
Uniprot ID
CP2C9_HUMAN
Interaction Name CYP2C9-CYP2C19 heterooligomerization [3]
Studied Cell Lines Living cells
Affected Substrate(s): Methoxychlor and S-mephenytoin
Description Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is reported to heterooligomerize with the CYP2C19 protein, which leads to a suppressed activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 can inhibit the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
                            Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) Health Heterooligomer
Uniprot ID
CP2E1_HUMAN
Interaction Name CYP2E1-CYP2C19 heterooligomerization [4]
Studied Cell Lines Escherichia coli cell line
Affected Substrate(s): 7-Ethoxy-4-cyanocoumarin
Description Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is reported to heterooligomerize with the CYP2C19 protein, which leads to an increased activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between CYP2E1 and CYP2C19 can facilitate the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
                            Mutated NADPH-CYP450 reductase (mPOR) Health Heterooligomer
Uniprot ID
NCPR_HUMAN
Interaction Name mPOR-CYP2C19 heterooligomerization [7]
Studied Cell Lines Reconstituted liposomes
Affected Substrate(s): S-mephenytoin
Omeprazole
Propranolol
Description Mutated NADPH-CYP450 reductase (mPOR) is reported to heterooligomerize with the CYP2C19 protein, which leads to a suppressed activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between mPOR and CYP2C19 can inhibit the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
                            NADPH-CYP450 reductase (POR) Health Heterooligomer
Uniprot ID
NCPR_HUMAN
Interaction Name POR-CYP2C19 heterooligomerization [8]
Studied Cell Lines Transformed E. coli C41 (DE3) cell line
Affected Substrate(s): S-mephenytoin
Omeprazole
Propranolol
Description NADPH-CYP450 reductase (POR) is reported to heterooligomerize with the CYP2C19 protein, which leads to activation of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between POR and CYP2C19 can activate the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
                     Transcription-factor regulation
                            Estrogen receptor (ESR1) Health Repression
Uniprot ID
ESR1_HUMAN
Interaction Name ESR1-CYP2C19 interaction [5]
Studied Cell Lines Embryonic kidney 293 CYP2C19 cell line
Ensembl ID
ENSG00000091831
Description Estrogen receptor (ESR1) is reported to repress the transcription of CYP2C19 gene, which leads to a decreased expression of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between ESR1 and CYP2C19 can repress the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
                     Non-coding RNA regulation
                            hsa-miR-29a-3p Health Suppression
miRBase ID
MIMAT0000086
Interaction Name hsa-miR-29a-3p--CYP2C19 regulation [6]
Studied Cell Lines HEK293 cell line
Description hsa-miR-29a-3p is reported to suppress CYP2C19 mRNA translation by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of CYP2C19 mRNA, which leads to a decreased expression of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
      ICD Disease Classification 02 Neoplasms
               ICD-11: 2A90 Mature T-cell lymphoma Click to Show/Hide the Full List of HOSPPI:        1 HOSPPI
                     Histone modification
                            Histone deacetylases (HDACs) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Repression
Uniprot ID
HDAC1_HUMAN
Interaction Name HDACs-CYP2C19 interaction [9]
Studied Cell Lines T-ALL cell line
Description Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are reported to deacetylate the CYP2C19 gene and thereby repress the transcriptional activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between HDACs and CYP2C19 can inhibit the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
               ICD-11: 2C12 Liver cancer Click to Show/Hide the Full List of HOSPPI:        1 HOSPPI
                     DNA methylation
                            DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) Liver cancer Significant hypermethylation
Uniprot ID
DNMT1_HUMAN
Interaction Name DNMT-CYP2C19 interaction [10]
Studied Cell Lines Live tissue
Description DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) is reported to significantly hyper-methylate the CYP2C19 gene, which leads to a significantly decreased expression of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. As a result, the interaction between DNMT and CYP2C19 can significantly affect the drug-metabolizing process of Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.
References
1 SPR-Based study of affinity of cytochrome P450s / redox partners interactions modulated by steroidal substrates. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Mar;187:124-129.
2 CYP2D6-CYP2C9 protein-protein interactions and isoform-selective effects on substrate binding and catalysis. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Aug;37(8):1682-9.
3 Microsomal monooxygenase as a multienzyme system: the role of P450-P450 interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2011 May;7(5):543-58.
4 Toward a systems approach to cytochrome P450 ensemble: interactions of CYP2E1 with other P450 species and their impact on CYP1A2. Biochem J. 2019 Dec 12;476(23):3661-3685.
5 Regulation of CYP2C19 expression by estrogen receptor alpha: implications for estrogen-dependent inhibition of drug metabolism. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;78(5):886-94.
6 MicroRNA hsa-miR-29a-3p modulates CYP2C19 in human liver cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015 Nov 1;98(1):215-23.
7 Variability in human drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 activities caused by genetic variations in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Jul 12;515(1):133-138.
8 Variability in loss of multiple enzyme activities due to the human genetic variation P284T located in the flexible hinge region of NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Oct 15;10:1187.
9 Effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid on rat cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015 May 1;8(5):5584-90.
10 Indirect regulation of CYP2C19 gene expression via DNA methylation. Xenobiotica. 2018 Aug;48(8):781-792.

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