Details of Microbiome-DME Interaction (MICBIO)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0014)
DME Name Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), Homo sapiens DME Info
UniProt ID
TPMT_HUMAN
EC Number    EC: 2.1.1.67     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Transferase
Methylase
Methyltransferase
EC: 2.1.1.67
Lineage    Species: Homo sapiens     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome
Interactions between Microbiome and DME (MICBIO)
      Bacteria: Actinobacteria
                  Eggerthella lenta (actinobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Levodopa Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0939   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) metabolizes the drug Levodopa, and Eggerthella lenta further metabolizes its metabolite (Dopamine hydrochloride), which can indirectly affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [2]
      Bacteria: Bacteroidetes
                  Bacteroides fragilis (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Cefazolin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR2503   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Bacteroides fragilis co-metabolize the drug Cefazolin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [3], [4], [5]
                  Odoribacter laneus (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Epinephrine hydrochloride Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0590   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Odoribacter laneus co-metabolize the drug Epinephrine hydrochloride, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [7]
      Bacteria: Firmicutes
                  Enterococcus faecalis (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Levodopa Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0939   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Enterococcus faecalis co-metabolize the drug Levodopa, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [2], [8]
                  Lactobacillus brevis (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Levodopa Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0939   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Lactobacillus brevis co-metabolize the drug Levodopa, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [8]
      Bacteria: Proteobacteria
                  Citrobacter freundii (enterobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Cefazolin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR2503   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Citrobacter freundii co-metabolize the drug Cefazolin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [3], [9], [10]
                  Helicobacter pylori (epsilon-proteobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Levodopa Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0939   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Helicobacter pylori co-metabolize the drug Levodopa, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [11]
                  Klebsiella pneumoniae (enterobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Cefazolin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR2503   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-metabolize the drug Cefazolin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [3], [12]
                  Variovorax paradoxus (beta-proteobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Methotrexate Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1045   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Variovorax paradoxus co-metabolize the drug Methotrexate, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [13], [14], [15]
References
1 Reduced 3-O-methyl-dopa levels in OCD patients and their unaffected parents is associated with the low activity M158 COMT allele. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Mar 5;153B(2):542-548.
2 Discovery and inhibition of an interspecies gut bacterial pathway for Levodopa metabolism. Science. 2019 Jun 14;364(6445). pii: eaau6323.
3 Cefazolin administration and 2-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thiol in human tissue: possible relationship to hypoprothrombinemia. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Oct;30(10):1123-8.
4 Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. Dutch clinical isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019 Sep;25(9):1156.e9-1156.e13.
5 Antibacterial activity of cefoperazone against anaerobic bacteria (author's transl). Jpn J Antibiot. 1980 Nov;33(11):1171-82.
6 Adrenal catecholamines and their metabolism in the vitamin A deficient rat. Ann Nutr Metab. 1983;27(3):220-7.
7 Alistipes indistinctus sp. nov. and Odoribacter laneus sp. nov., common members of the human intestinal microbiota isolated from faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010 Jun;60(Pt 6):1296-302.
8 Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict levels of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):310.
9 Citrobacter freundii bacteremia: Risk factors of mortality and prevalence of resistance genes. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018 Aug;51(4):565-572.
10 Identification and functional characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J Bacteriol. 2001 Jun;183(11):3417-27.
11 Drug metabolism by the host and gut microbiota: a partnership or rivalry? Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Oct;43(10):1499-504.
12 Analysis of the drug-resistant characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the respiratory tract and CTX-M ESBL genes. Genet Mol Res. 2015 Oct 5;14(4):12043-8.
13 Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Jan;81(1):94-101.
14 The 46 kDa dimeric protein from Variovorax paradoxus shows faster methotrexate degrading activity in its nanoform compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2016 Apr;85:38-43.
15 Isolation and molecular detection of methylotrophic bacteria occurring in the human mouth. Environ Microbiol. 2005 Aug;7(8):1227-38.

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