Details of Microbiome-DME Interaction (MICBIO)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0076)
DME Name NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), Homo sapiens DME Info
UniProt ID
NCPR_HUMAN
EC Number    EC: 1.6.2.4     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Oxidoreductase
NADH/NADPH oxidoreductase
Heme protein acceptor oxidoreductase
EC: 1.6.2.4
Lineage    Species: Homo sapiens     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome
Interactions between Microbiome and DME (MICBIO)
      Bacteria: Actinobacteria
                  Corynebacterium amycolatum (actinobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Corynebacterium amycolatum co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [2]
                  Corynebacterium jeikeium (actinobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Corynebacterium jeikeium co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [2]
                  Eggerthella lenta (actinobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Eggerthella lenta co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Streptomyces griseus (actinobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Doxorubicin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0546   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Streptomyces griseus co-metabolize the drug Doxorubicin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [4], [5]
      Bacteria: Bacteroidetes
                  Alistipes indistinctus (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Alistipes indistinctus co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Bacteroides eggerthii (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Bacteroides eggerthii co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Bacteroides fragilis (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Bacteroides fragilis co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Bacteroides sartorii (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Bacteroides sartorii co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Bacteroides xylanisolvens (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Bacteroides xylanisolvens co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Odoribacter splanchnicus (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Odoribacter splanchnicus co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Parabacteroides distasonis (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Parabacteroides distasonis co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Parabacteroides merdae (CFB bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Parabacteroides merdae co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
      Bacteria: Firmicutes
                  Bacillus subtilis (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Bacillus subtilis co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [7], [8]
                  Blautia hansenii (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Blautia hansenii co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Blautia luti (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Blautia luti co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Clostridioides difficile (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridioides difficile co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Clostridium botulinum (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium botulinum co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Clostridium hiranonis (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium hiranonis co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [9]
                  Clostridium leptum (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium leptum co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [9]
                  Clostridium paraputrificum (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium paraputrificum co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [9]
                  Clostridium perfringens (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium perfringens co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [9]
                  Clostridium sporogenes (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        2 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium sporogenes co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [10], [9]
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Clostridium sporogenes co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Enterococcus casseliflavus (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Enterococcus casseliflavus co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [11]
                  Enterococcus gallinarum (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Enterococcus gallinarum co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [11]
                  Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Holdemanella biformis (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Holdemanella biformis co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Roseburia intestinalis (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Roseburia intestinalis co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Ruminococcus gnavus (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Ruminococcus gnavus co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Staphylococcus aureus (firmicutes) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Nitrofurantoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1169   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Staphylococcus aureus co-metabolize the drug Nitrofurantoin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [6], [12], [13]
      Bacteria: Lentisphaerae
                  Victivallis vadensis (PVC bacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Victivallis vadensis co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
      Bacteria: Proteobacteria
                  Escherichia coli (enterobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        3 Drugs Metabolized
                              Doxorubicin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0546   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Escherichia coli co-metabolize the drug Doxorubicin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [4], [14]
                              Nitrobenzodiazepine Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR2179   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Escherichia coli co-metabolize the drug Nitrobenzodiazepine, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [15], [16]
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Escherichia coli co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Klebsiella pneumoniae (enterobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Doxorubicin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0546   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-metabolize the drug Doxorubicin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [4], [14]
                  Providencia alcalifaciens (enterobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Providencia alcalifaciens co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
                  Raoultella planticola (enterobacteria) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Doxorubicin Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR0546   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Raoultella planticola co-metabolize the drug Doxorubicin, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [4], [14]
      Bacteria: Verrucomicrobia
                  Akkermansia muciniphila (verrucomicrobiae) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        1 Drugs Metabolized
                              Tacrolimus Click to Show/Hide the Detail
                                 Drug ID DR1524   Drug Info
                                 Interaction Mechanism Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and Akkermansia muciniphila co-metabolize the drug Tacrolimus, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug. [1], [3]
References
1 Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase and its effect on drug metabolism and efficacy. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2017 Sep;27(9):337-346.
2 High frequency of macrolide resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Corynebacterium species. Microb Drug Resist. 2010 Dec;16(4):273-7.
3 Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes. Nature. 2019 Jun;570(7762):462-467.
4 Kinetics of anthracycline antibiotic free radical formation and reductive glycosidase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 May;223(1):68-75.
5 Bacterial inactivation of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Chem Biol. 2012 Oct 26;19(10):1255-64.
6 Role of cytochrome P450 reductase in nitrofurantoin-induced redox cycling and cytotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Mar 15;44(6):1169-79.
7 Conversion of NfsA, the major Escherichia coli nitroreductase, to a flavin reductase with an activity similar to that of Frp, a flavin reductase in Vibrio harveyi, by a single amino acid substitution. J Bacteriol. 1998 Jan;180(2):422-5.
8 Bacillus subtilis isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Res Microbiol. 2009 Mar;160(2):134-43.
9 Isolation of nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants of nitroreductase-producing Clostridium sp. strains from the human intestinal tract. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 May;42(5):1121-6.
10 Biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene in intestinal anaerobic bacteria. Microbiol Immunol. 1982;26(11):993-1005.
11 Mechanism of metronidazole-resistance by isolates of nitroreductase-producing Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus from the human intestinal tract. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Aug 29;225(2):195-200.
12 Reduction of polynitroaromatic compounds: the bacterial nitroreductases. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008 May;32(3):474-500.
13 The human gut microbiota: metabolism and perspective in obesity. Gut Microbes. 2018 Jul 4;9(4):308-325.
14 Transformation of the anticancer drug doxorubicin in the human gut microbiome. ACS Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 12;4(1):68-76.
15 Flavin-containing reductase: new perspective on the detoxification of nitrobenzodiazepine. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2010 Aug;6(8):967-81.
16 Structure-based development of bacterial nitroreductase against nitrobenzodiazepine-induced hypnosis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Jun 15;83(12):1690-9.

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