Details of Microbiome-DME Interaction (MICBIO)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0141)
DME Name	Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), Homo sapiens	DME Info
UniProt ID	DYR_HUMAN
EC Number	EC: 1.5.1.3 (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree) Oxidoreductase CH-NH donor oxidoreductase NAD/NADP acceptor oxidoreductase EC: 1.5.1.3
Lineage	Species: Homo sapiens (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage) Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome

Interactions between Microbiome and DME (MICBIO)
Bacteria: Chlamydiae
Chlamydia muridarum (chlamydias)		Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs: 1 Drugs Metabolized
Folic acid		Click to Show/Hide the Detail
Drug ID	DR0742 Drug Info
Interaction Mechanism	Human Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and Chlamydia muridarum co-metabolize the drug Folic acid, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug.		[1], [2], [3]
Bacteria: Firmicutes
Lactobacillus casei (firmicutes)		Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs: 1 Drugs Metabolized
Folic acid		Click to Show/Hide the Detail
Drug ID	DR0742 Drug Info
Interaction Mechanism	Human Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and Lactobacillus casei co-metabolize the drug Folic acid, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug.		[1], [4], [5]
Bacteria: Proteobacteria
Escherichia coli (enterobacteria)		Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs: 1 Drugs Metabolized
Folic acid		Click to Show/Hide the Detail
Drug ID	DR0742 Drug Info
Interaction Mechanism	Human Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and Escherichia coli co-metabolize the drug Folic acid, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug.		[1], [6], [7]
Variovorax paradoxus (beta-proteobacteria)		Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs: 1 Drugs Metabolized
Methotrexate		Click to Show/Hide the Detail
Drug ID	DR1045 Drug Info
Interaction Mechanism	Human Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and Variovorax paradoxus co-metabolize the drug Methotrexate, which can collectively affect efficacy, safety or bioavailability of this drug.		[8], [9], [10]

References
1	The dihydrofolate reductase 19 bp polymorphism is not associated with biomarkers of folate status in healthy young adults, irrespective of folic acid intake. J Nutr. 2015 Oct;145(10):2207-11.
2	Biophysical principles predict fitness landscapes of drug resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Mar 15;113(11):E1470-8.
3	The Genital tract virulence factor pGP3 is essential for Chlamydia muridarum colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Infect Immun. 2017 Dec 19;86(1). pii: e00429-17.
4	Molecular cloning of the gene for dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei. Gene. 1982 Feb;17(2):229-33.
5	Mutagenesis of folylpolyglutamate synthetase indicates that dihydropteroate and tetrahydrofolate bind to the same site. Biochemistry. 2008 Feb 26;47(8):2388-96.
6	Measurement of the uptake of radioactive para-aminobenzoic acid monitors folate biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. Anal Biochem. 1994 Feb 1;216(2):427-30.
7	The influence of CsgD on the expression of genes of folate metabolism and hmp in Escherichia coli K-12. Arch Microbiol. 2013 Aug;195(8):559-69.
8	The pharmacogenetics of methotrexate. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Oct;46(10):1520-4.
9	The 46 kDa dimeric protein from Variovorax paradoxus shows faster methotrexate degrading activity in its nanoform compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2016 Apr;85:38-43.
10	Isolation and molecular detection of methylotrophic bacteria occurring in the human mouth. Environ Microbiol. 2005 Aug;7(8):1227-38.

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