Details of the Metabolic Reaction (MR)

General Information of This Metabolic Reaction (MR) (ID: MR001522)
Formula
SVG example
Hydrolyzation
Reactant L-glutamate Product Alpha-ketoglutarate
Reactant Info Product Info
Metabolic Type Hydrolysis - Hydrolyzation
Other MR(s) Related to The Reactant of This MR
Other MR(s) That Produce The Reactant of This MR
MR ID Reactant Product MR Type Related Drug REF
MR000200 Ammonia L-glutamate Unclear Ammonia [1]
MR001537 L-glutamine L-glutamate Unclear L-glutamine [2], [3], [4]
MR004452 Oxoglutarate Glutamate Unclear Oxoglutarate [5]
MR007606 Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid Glutamate Unclear Proline [6]
MR012761 GABA Glutamate Unclear - Unclear Gamma hydroxybutyric acid [7]
MR007251 5-oxoproline Glutamate Unclear ANW-43980 [8]
MR008809 Glutamic semialdehyde L-Glutamate Unclear - Unclear L-Proline [9], [10], [11], [9]
MR012742 L-Glutamyl-y-semialdehyde L-Glutamate Unclear - Unclear Arginine [12]
MR004917 2-(o-carboxybenzamido)glutaric acid Glutamic acid Conjugation - Amide Hydrolyation Thalidomide [13]
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Other MR(s) That Metabolize The Reactant of This MR
MR ID Reactant Product MR Type Related Drug REF
MR001521 L-glutamate 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid Unclear L-glutamine [14]
MR004454 Glutamate Amino acid Unclear Oxoglutarate [5]
MR001523 L-glutamate GABA Oxidation - Decarboxylation L-glutamine [15], [16]
MR000199 L-glutamate Glutamine Unclear Ammonia [17]
MR004453 Glutamate Glutamine Unclear Oxoglutarate [5]
MR012743 L-Glutamate GABA Unclear - Unclear Arginine [12]
MR012744 L-Glutamate L-Glutamine Unclear - Unclear Arginine [12]
MR014135 Glutamic acid Phthalic Acid Conjugation - Amide Hydrolyation Thalidomide [13]
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Other MR(s) Related to The Product of This MR
Other MR(s) That Metabolize The Produtc of This MR
MR ID Reactant Product MR Type Related Drug REF
MR001528 Alpha-ketoglutarate Aspartate Unclear L-glutamine [14]
MR001530 Alpha-ketoglutarate Citrate Unclear L-glutamine [14]
MR001531 Alpha-ketoglutarate Malate Unclear L-glutamine [14]
MR001529 Alpha-ketoglutarate Mammalian target of rapamycin Unclear L-glutamine [14]
MR012763 Alpha-ketoglutarate Isocitrate Unclear - Unclear Gamma hydroxybutyric acid [7]
MR012766 Alpha-ketoglutarate Succinyl-coA Unclear - Unclear Gamma hydroxybutyric acid [7]
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References
1 Model-guided identification of a therapeutic strategy to reduce hyperammonemia in liver diseases J Hepatol. 2016 Apr;64(4):860-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.018.
2 Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation Nutrients. 2018 Oct 23;10(11):1564. doi: 10.3390/nu10111564.
3 The glutamine-alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) metabolism and its nutritional implications Amino Acids. 2016 Sep;48(9):2067-80. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2254-8.
4 Inhibitors of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase as potential antimicrobials or antidiabetics - synthesis and properties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022 Dec;37(1):1928-1956. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2096018.
5 The Emergence of 2-Oxoglutarate as a Master Regulator Metabolite
6 Proline metabolism in cancer
7 U. S. FDA Label -Gamma hydroxybutyric acid
8 Sexual dimorphism in glutathione metabolism and glutathione-dependent responses
9 L-proline dehydrogenases in hyperthermophilic archaea: distribution, function, structure, and application
10 Structural analysis of prolines and hydroxyprolines binding to the l-glutamate--semialdehyde dehydrogenase active site of bifunctional proline utilization A
11 Structural basis for the stereospecific inhibition of the dual proline/hydroxyproline catabolic enzyme ALDH4A1 by trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline
12 Arginine Metabolism Revisited
13 Thalidomide metabolism and hydrolysis: mechanisms and implications
14 The Emerging Role of l-Glutamine in Cardiovascular Health and Disease Nutrients. 2019 Sep 4;11(9):2092. doi: 10.3390/nu11092092.
15 Glutamate decarboxylase-dependent acid resistance in orally acquired bacteria: function, distribution and biomedical implications of the gadBC operon. Mol Microbiol. 2012 Nov;86(4):770-86.
16 The delta subunit of the GABA(A) receptor is necessary for the GPT2-promoted breast cancer metastasis. Theranostics. 2023 Feb 21;13(4):1355-1369. doi: 10.7150/thno.80544.
17 Metabolism of glutamate and ammonia in astrocyte: an immunocytochemical study Brain Res. 1988 Aug 2;457(1):160-4. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90069-8.

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