Details of Xenobiotics-DME Interaction (XEOTIC)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0417)
DME Name Galactose kinase (GALK1), Homo sapiens DME Info
UniProt ID
GALK1_HUMAN
EC Number    EC: 2.7.1.6     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Transferase
Kinase
Phosphotransferase
EC: 2.7.1.6
Lineage    Species: Homo sapiens     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome
Interactions between Xenobiotics and DME (XEOTIC)
      Fungicide(s), Herbicide(s) or Insecticide(s)
                  Pesticide/Insecticide Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Dicrotophos Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01050   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Pesticide/Insecticide
                                 DME Modulation Dicrotophos inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [1]
      Health or Environmental Toxicant(s)
                  Carcinogen Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Benzo(a)pyrene Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00898   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Carcinogen
                                 DME Modulation Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [2]
                  Health Hazard/Toxicant Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01103   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Health Hazard
                                 DME Modulation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium up-regulates the expression of DME GALK1 [3]
                              Butyraldehyde Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00999   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Health Hazard
                                 DME Modulation Butyraldehyde up-regulates the expression of DME GALK1 [4]
      Natural Product(s), Extract(s) or Medicine(s)
                  Natural Mixture Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Tobacco smoke pollution Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00821   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Natural Mixture
                                 DME Modulation Tobacco smoke pollution inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [5]
                  Traditional Medicine Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Jinfukang Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00760   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Traditional Medicine
                                 DME Modulation Jinfukang up-regulates the expression of DME GALK1 [6]
      Pharmaceutical Agent(s)
                  Approved/Marketed Drug Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        5 Xenobiotics
                              Arsenic trioxide Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00339   XEOTIC Info Gene Form Protein
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Arsenic trioxide induces the drug-metabolizing activity of DME GALK1 [7]
                              Copper sulfate Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00117   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Copper sulfate inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [8]
                              Cyclosporine Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00241   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Cyclosporine inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [2], [9]
                              Doxorubicin hydrochloride Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00292   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Doxorubicin hydrochloride up-regulates the expression of DME GALK1 [10]
                              Valproic acid Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00029   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Valproic acid inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [11], [12]
                  Drug in Phase 2 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              MS-275 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00581   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 2
                                 DME Modulation MS-275 up-regulates the expression of DME GALK1 [13]
                              Tetrahydropalmatine Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00585   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 2
                                 DME Modulation Tetrahydropalmatine inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [14]
                  Preclinical/Patented Drug Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              K-7174 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01348   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Patented Pharmaceutical Agent
                                 DME Modulation K-7174 inhibits the expression of DME GALK1 [15]
References
1 Molecular mechanisms of discrotophos-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells: The role of CSA in oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 May;103:253-260.
2 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
3 Transcriptional and metabolic adaptation of human neurons to the mitochondrial toxicant MPP(+). Cell Death Dis. 2014 May 8;5:e1222.
4 Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles highlights aldehyde-induced inflammatory responses in cells relevant for lung toxicity. Toxicology. 2015 Aug 6;334:111-21.
5 Assessment of a 72-hour repeated exposure to Swedish snus extract and total particulate matter from 3R4F cigarette smoke on gingival organotypic cultures. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Mar;125:252-270.
6 Activation of AIFM2 enhances apoptosis of human lung cancer cells undergoing toxicological stress. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 6;258:227-236.
7 Proteomic and functional analyses reveal a dual molecular mechanism underlying arsenic-induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Jun;8(6):3006-19.
8 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
9 Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):489-501.
10 Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
11 Integrated 'omics analysis reveals new drug-induced mitochondrial perturbations in human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jun 1;289:1-13.
12 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
13 Definition of transcriptome-based indices for quantitative characterization of chemically disturbed stem cell development: introduction of the STOP-Toxukn and STOP-Toxukk tests. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Feb;91(2):839-864.
14 Long-term estrogen exposure promotes carcinogen bioactivation, induces persistent changes in gene expression, and enhances the tumorigenicity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 1;240(3):355-66.
15 A low-molecular-weight compound K7174 represses hepcidin: possible therapeutic strategy against anemia of chronic disease. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 27;8(9):e75568.

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