General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0146)
DME Name Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), Homo sapiens DME Info
UniProt ID
PGM1_HUMAN
EC Number    EC: 5.4.2.2     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Isomerase
Mutase
Phosphomutase
EC: 5.4.2.2
Lineage    Species: Homo sapiens     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome
Interactions between Xenobiotics and DME (XEOTIC)
      Health or Environmental Toxicant(s)
                  Acute Toxic Substance Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              Chloropicrin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01247   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Acute Toxic Substance
                                 DME Modulation Chloropicrin inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [1]
                              Formaldehyde Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01305   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Acute Toxic Substance
                                 DME Modulation Formaldehyde inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [2]
                  Biotoxin Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Dinophysistoxin 1 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00813   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Biotoxin
                                 DME Modulation Dinophysistoxin 1 inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [3]
                  Carcinogen Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              Ethyl methanesulfonate Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00772   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Carcinogen
                                 DME Modulation Ethyl methanesulfonate inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [2]
                              Aflatoxin B1 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00806   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Carcinogen-mycotoxin
                                 DME Modulation Aflatoxin B1 inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [4]
                  Environmental Pollutant Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Antimony potassium tartrate Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01201   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Environmental Pollutant
                                 DME Modulation Antimony potassium tartrate up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [5]
      Natural Product(s), Extract(s) or Medicine(s)
                  Natural Product Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              Alpha-naphthoflavone Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01192   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Natural Product
                                 DME Modulation Alpha-naphthoflavone up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [6]
                              Linalool Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01366   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Natural Product
                                 DME Modulation Linalool up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [7]
      Pharmaceutical Agent(s)
                  Approved/Marketed Drug Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:      12 Xenobiotics
                              Acetaminophen Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00217   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Acetaminophen inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [8]
                              Arsenic trioxide Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00339   XEOTIC Info Gene Form Protein
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Arsenic trioxide induces the drug-metabolizing activity of DME PGM1 [9]
                              Capsaicin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00178   XEOTIC Info Gene Form Protein
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Capsaicin induces the drug-metabolizing activity of DME PGM1 [10]
                              Cyclosporine Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00241   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Cyclosporine inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [11]
                              Doxorubicin hydrochloride Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00292   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Doxorubicin hydrochloride up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [12]
                              Fenofibrate Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00035   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Fenofibrate up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [7]
                              Isotretinoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00186   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Isotretinoin inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [13]
                              Tretinoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00253   XEOTIC Info Gene Form Protein
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Tretinoin induces the drug-metabolizing activity of DME PGM1 [14]
                              Urethane Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00435   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Urethane inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [15]
                              Vincristine Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00392   XEOTIC Info Gene Form Protein
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Vincristine inhibits the drug-metabolizing activity of DME PGM1 [16]
                              Demecolcine Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00466   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Marketed but not Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Demecolcine inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [2]
                              Rotenone Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00481   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Marketed but not Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Rotenone up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [17], [18]
                  Drug in Phase 2 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              Bisphenol A Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01226   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 2
                                 DME Modulation Bisphenol A up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [19]
                              MS-275 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00581   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 2
                                 DME Modulation MS-275 up-regulates the expression of DME PGM1 [20]
                  Drug in Phase 1 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Quercetin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00538   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 1
                                 DME Modulation Quercetin inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [21]
                  Preclinical/Patented Drug Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              K-7174 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01348   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Patented Pharmaceutical Agent
                                 DME Modulation K-7174 inhibits the expression of DME PGM1 [22]
References
1 Transcriptomic analysis of human primary bronchial epithelial cells after chloropicrin treatment. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Oct 19;28(10):1926-35.
2 Characterization of formaldehyde's genotoxic mode of action by gene expression analysis in TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Nov;87(11):1999-2012.
3 Whole genome mRNA transcriptomics analysis reveals different modes of action of the diarrheic shellfish poisons okadaic acid and dinophysis toxin-1 versus azaspiracid-1 in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Feb;46:102-112.
4 Aflatoxin B1 induces persistent epigenomic effects in primary human hepatocytes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicology. 2016 Mar 28;350-352:31-9.
5 Parallel responses of human epidermal keratinocytes to inorganic SbIII and AsIII. Environ Chem. 2016;13(6):963-970.
6 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated production of reactive oxygen species is an essential step in the mechanism of action to accelerate human keratinocyte differentiation. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Mar;132(1):235-49.
7 Linalool is a PPARalpha ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome. J Lipid Res. 2014 Jun;55(6):1098-110.
8 Gene expression analysis of precision-cut human liver slices indicates stable expression of ADME-Tox related genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 May 15;253(1):57-69.
9 Proteomics-based identification of differentially abundant proteins from human keratinocytes exposed to arsenic trioxide. J Proteomics Bioinform. 2014 Jul;7(7):166-178.
10 Capsaicin induced the upregulation of transcriptional and translational expression of glycolytic enzymes related to energy metabolism in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Dec 9;57(23):11148-53.
11 Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):489-501.
12 Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
13 Temporal changes in gene expression in the skin of patients treated with isotretinoin provide insight into its mechanism of action. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 May;1(3):177-87.
14 Localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase in airway mucosa of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003 Jul-Aug;24(4):275-80.
15 Toxicogenomics of the flame retardant tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate in HepG2 cells using RNA-seq. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Feb;46:178-188.
16 Integrated 'omics analysis reveals new drug-induced mitochondrial perturbations in human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jun 1;289:1-13.
17 Solomonsterols A and B from Theonella swinhoeiThe first example of C-24 and C-23 sulfated sterols from a marine source endowed with a PXR agonistic activity. J Med Chem. 2011 Jan 13;54(1):401-5.
18 New brominated flame retardants and their metabolites as activators of the pregnane X receptor. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 30;259:116-123.
19 Bisphenol A induces DSB-ATM-p53 signaling leading to cell cycle arrest, senescence, autophagy, stress response, and estrogen release in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Apr;92(4):1453-1469.
20 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
21 Disturbance of gene expression in primary human hepatocytes by hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids: A whole genome transcriptome analysis. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Oct;29(7):1669-82.
22 A low-molecular-weight compound K7174 represses hepcidin: possible therapeutic strategy against anemia of chronic disease. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 27;8(9):e75568.

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