General Information of DME (ID: DMEN075)
DME Name	Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), .
Gene Name	FMO
Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (Sequence/Structure/Pathway/Function) of This DME

Full List of Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drugs Approved by FDA			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          4 Drugs
Fingolimod	Drug Info	Approved	Multiple sclerosis	ICD11: 8A40	[1]
Fingolimod hydrochloride	Drug Info	Approved	Multiple sclerosis	ICD11: 8A40	[1]
Loxapine succinate	Drug Info	Approved	Schizophrenia	ICD11: 6A20	[2]
Guanethidine	Drug Info	Approved	Essential hypertension	ICD11: BA00	[3]
Drugs in Phase 3 Clinical Trial			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          1 Drugs
NE-10064	Drug Info	Phase 3	Cardiac arrhythmia	ICD11: BC65	[4]
Drugs in Phase 2 Clinical Trial			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          3 Drugs
PD-115934	Drug Info	Phase 2	Breast cancer	ICD11: 2C60	[5]
ASA-404	Drug Info	Phase 2	Prostate cancer	ICD11: 2C82	[6], [7]
E7016	Drug Info	Phase 2	Melanoma	ICD11: 2C30	[8]
Discontinued/withdrawn Drugs			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          1 Drugs
ABT-418	Drug Info	Discontinued in Phase 2	Alzheimer disease	ICD11: 8A20	[9]
Preclinical/investigative Agents			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          1 Drugs
Fenthion	Drug Info	Investigative	Discovery agent	ICD: N.A.	[10]

Full List of Metabolic Reactions (MR) Catalyzed by This DME
MR ID Reactant Product MR Type Source Drug REF MR010063 ABT-418 ABT-418 Metabolite M2 Unclear - Unclear ABT-418 [11], [9] MR000105 (+) albendazole sulfoxide Albendazole sulfone Oxidation - Oxidation Albendazole [12], [13], [14] MR000109 Albendazole (+) albendazole sulfoxide Oxidation - Oxidation Albendazole [15], [12], [13], [14] MR007274 ASA-404 6-OH-MXAA Unclear - Unclear ASA-404 [6], [7] MR013843 Ketone Lactone Unclear - Unclear E7016 [8] MR006302 Fenthion FEN-sulfoxide Unclear - Unclear Fenthion [10] MR006306 Fenthion oxon Fenthion oxon sulfoxide Unclear - Unclear Fenthion [10] MR008792 Guanethidine Guanethidine N-oxide Unclear - Unclear Guanethidine [3] MR011379 LEE011 LEE011 Metabolite M13 Unclear - Unclear LEE011 [16] MR006925 Loxapine succinate Loxapine N-oxide Oxidation - Oxidationn Loxapine succinate [2] MR013813 Methimazole M9 Methimazole M10 Unclear - Unclear Methimazole [17] MR003787 NE-10064 NE-10064 Metabolite M5 Unclear - Unclear NE-10064 [4] MR003783 NE-10064 NE-10064 Metabolite M4 Oxidation - N-oxidation NE-10064 [4] MR002343 Tazarotenic acid AGN 190844 Oxidation - Oxidation Tazarotene [18], [19], [20] ⏷ Show the Full List of 14 MR(s)

References
1	CYP4F enzymes are responsible for the elimination of fingolimod (FTY720), a novel treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Feb;39(2):191-8.
2	In vitro identification of the human cytochrome p450 enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of loxapine. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2011 Oct;32(7):398-407.
3	Guanethidine N-oxide formation as a measure of cellular flavin-containing monooxygenase activity
4	The metabolic profile of azimilide in man: in vivo and in vitro evaluations. J Pharm Sci. 2005 Sep;94(9):2084-95.
5	The metabolism of pyrazoloacridine (NSC 366140) by cytochromes p450 and flavin monooxygenase in human liver microsomes. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 15;10(4):1471-80.
6	Predicting pharmacokinetics and drug interactions in patients from in vitro and in vivo models: the experience with 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), an anti-cancer drug eliminated mainly by conjugation. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Nov;34(4):751-90.
7	Preclinical factors affecting the interindividual variability in the clearance of the investigational anti-cancer drug 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Jun 1;65(11):1853-65.
8	A Baeyer-Villiger oxidation specifically catalyzed by human flavin-containing monooxygenase 5
9	In vitro hepatic metabolism of ABT-418 in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). A unique pattern of microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase-dependent stereoselective N'-oxidation
10	The participation of human hepatic P450 isoforms, flavin-containing monooxygenases and aldehyde oxidase in the biotransformation of the insecticide fenthion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Dec 1;233(2):343-52.
11	The in vitro hepatic metabolism of ABT-418, a cholinergic channel activator, in rats, dogs, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans
12	Nanocrystal Suspensions for Enhancing the Oral Absorption of Albendazole. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Sep 1;12(17):3032. doi: 10.3390/nano12173032.
13	Multi-residue methodology for quantification of antiparasitics in hen eggs by LC-MS/MS: development, validation and application to 348 samples from Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2022 Aug;39(8):1412-1423. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2093984.
14	Improvement of Albendazole Bioavailability with Menbutone Administration in Sheep. Animals (Basel). 2022 Feb 14;12(4):463. doi: 10.3390/ani12040463.
15	Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1126
16	An integrated assessment of the ADME properties of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor ribociclib utilizing preclinical in vitro, in vivo, and human ADME data
17	Evidence for the involvement of N-methylthiourea, a ring cleavage metabolite, in the hepatotoxicity of methimazole in glutathione-depleted mice: structure-toxicity and metabolic studies
18	Clinical pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism of tazarotene: a novel topical treatment for acne and psoriasis Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Oct;37(4):273-87. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199937040-00001.
19	Cytochrome P450 2C8 and flavin-containing monooxygenases are involved in the metabolism of tazarotenic acid in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Apr;31(4):476-81.
20	LABEL:AZAROTENE aerosol, foam

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