General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME ID: DME0166)
DME Name Transglutaminase K (TGM1), Homo sapiens DME Info
UniProt ID
TGM1_HUMAN
EC Number    EC: 2.3.2.13     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Transferase
Acyltransferase
Aminoacyltransferase
EC: 2.3.2.13
Lineage    Species: Homo sapiens     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Interactome
Interactions between Xenobiotics and DME (XEOTIC)
      Fungicide(s), Herbicide(s) or Insecticide(s)
                  Pesticide/Insecticide Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Dicrotophos Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01050   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Pesticide/Insecticide
                                 DME Modulation Dicrotophos inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [1]
      Health or Environmental Toxicant(s)
                  Carcinogen Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Aflatoxin B1 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00806   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Carcinogen-mycotoxin
                                 DME Modulation Aflatoxin B1 up-regulates the expression of DME TGM1 [2]
                  Health Hazard/Toxicant Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        2 Xenobiotics
                              4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01145   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Health Hazard
                                 DME Modulation 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [3]
                              Diethylhexyl phthalate Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01004   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Health Hazard
                                 DME Modulation Diethylhexyl phthalate up-regulates the expression of DME TGM1 [4]
      Natural Product(s), Extract(s) or Medicine(s)
                  Natural Product Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              4-oxoretinoic acid Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01154   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Natural Product
                                 DME Modulation 4-oxoretinoic acid inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [5]
      Pharmaceutical Agent(s)
                  Approved/Marketed Drug Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:      12 Xenobiotics
                              Alitretinoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00167   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Alitretinoin inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [3], [5]
                              Avobenzone Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00411   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Avobenzone inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [6]
                              Bexarotene Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00144   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Bexarotene inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [3]
                              Calcitriol Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00184   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Calcitriol inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [7]
                              Cisplatin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00334   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Cisplatin up-regulates the expression of DME TGM1 [8]
                              Cyclosporine Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00241   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Cyclosporine inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [9]
                              Estradiol Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00090   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Estradiol inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [10]
                              Hydrocortisone Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00264   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Hydrocortisone up-regulates the expression of DME TGM1 [11]
                              Isotretinoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00186   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Isotretinoin inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [5]
                              Leflunomide Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00053   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Leflunomide inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [12]
                              Tretinoin Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00253   XEOTIC Info Gene Form Protein
                                 Classification Drug Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Tretinoin inhibits the drug-metabolizing activity of DME TGM1 [13]
                              Calcium Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00832   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Drug Marketed but not Approved by US FDA
                                 DME Modulation Calcium up-regulates the expression of DME TGM1 [14]
                  Drug in Phase 3 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Resveratrol Click to Show/Hide the Detail Induction
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00568   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 3
                                 DME Modulation Resveratrol up-regulates the expression of DME TGM1 [15]
                  Drug in Phase 1 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              Sodium arsenite Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO00632   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Highest Clinical Status: Phase 1
                                 DME Modulation Sodium arsenite inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [11]
                  Preclinical/Patented Drug Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Xenobiotics:        1 Xenobiotics
                              SR-11238 Click to Show/Hide the Detail Inhibition
                                 XEOTIC ID XEO01473   XEOTIC Info Gene Form mRNA
                                 Classification Patented Pharmaceutical Agent
                                 DME Modulation SR-11238 inhibits the expression of DME TGM1 [16]
References
1 Molecular mechanisms of discrotophos-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells: The role of CSA in oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 May;103:253-260.
2 Aflatoxins upregulate CYP3A4 mRNA expression in a process that involves the PXR transcription factor. Toxicol Lett. 2011 Aug 28;205(2):146-53.
3 Retinoic acid receptor- and retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids activate signaling pathways that converge on AP-1 and inhibit squamous differentiation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Growth Differ. 1996 Aug;7(8):997-1004.
4 Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate induces apoptosis via the PPARgama/PTEN/AKT pathway in differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Sep;131:110552.
5 Retinoic acid and its 4-oxo metabolites are functionally active in human skin cells in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Jul;125(1):143-53.
6 A long-wave UVA filter avobenzone induces obesogenic phenotypes in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Jul;93(7):1903-1915.
7 Large-scale in silico and microarray-based identification of direct 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Nov;19(11):2685-95.
8 Activation of AIFM2 enhances apoptosis of human lung cancer cells undergoing toxicological stress. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 6;258:227-236.
9 Integrative "-Omics" analysis in primary human hepatocytes unravels persistent mechanisms of cyclosporine A-induced cholestasis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 Dec 19;29(12):2164-2174.
10 Research resource: STR DNA profile and gene expression comparisons of human BG-1 cells and a BG-1/MCF-7 clonal variant. Mol Endocrinol. 2014 Dec;28(12):2072-81.
11 Keratinocyte differentiation marker suppression by arsenic: mediation by AP1 response elements and antagonism by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Aug 1;174(3):302-11.
12 Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
13 Torcetrapib impairs endothelial function in hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2012 Jul;33(13):1615-24.
14 Effects of a calcium receptor activator on the cellular response to calcium in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Sep;113(3):340-5.
15 Moving toward integrating gene expression profiling into high-throughput testing: a gene expression biomarker accurately predicts estrogen receptor alpha modulation in a microarray compendium. Toxicol Sci. 2016 May;151(1):88-103.
16 Identification of human cell responses to hexavalent chromium. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2007 Oct;48(8):650-7.

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