General Information of Drug (ID: DR1346)
Drug Name
Progesterone
Synonyms
Piaponon; Pregnenedione; Primolut; Progestasert; Progesterol; Progesteronum; Progestin; Progestone; Progestosol; Progestron; Progestronol; Prometrium; Protormone; Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; Syngesterone; Syntolutan; Utrogestan; progesterone; Agolutin; Corlutin; Corpus luteum hormone; Crinone; Cyclogest; Flavolutan; Gestone; Gestormone; Glanducorpin; Gynolutone; Hormoflaveine; Hormoluton; Lingusorbs; Luteogan; Luteohormone; Luteol; Luteopur; Luteosan; Luteostab; Luteovis; Lutociclina; Lutocylin; Lutromone; Methylpregnone; 4-Pregnene-3,20-dione; 57-83-0
Indication Premature labour [ICD11: JB00] Approved [1]
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
Pharmaceutical Properties Molecular Weight 314.5 Topological Polar Surface Area 34.1
Heavy Atom Count 23 Rotatable Bond Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5994
PubChem SID
3700 ; 75083 ; 110315 ; 625872 ; 818903 ; 834065 ; 837053 ; 841781 ; 855688 ; 3139517 ; 6435812 ; 6436726 ; 6436727 ; 7847134 ; 7890619 ; 7980395 ; 8026442 ; 8144717 ; 8153728 ; 10318966 ; 10321434 ; 11446518 ; 11466505 ; 11467625 ; 11486289 ; 12015027 ; 14850243 ; 14874443 ; 17388760 ; 17389514 ; 17405453 ; 24278618 ; 24870355 ; 24898476 ; 24898649 ; 24898857 ; 24898978 ; 24899064 ; 25621439 ; 26715972 ; 26719639 ; 26746572 ; 26751485 ; 26751486 ; 26759395 ; 29204503 ; 29225009 ; 46386909 ; 46391718 ; 46392093
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:17026
CAS Number
57-83-0
TTD Drug ID
D07BSQ
Formula
C21H30O2
Canonical SMILES
CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C
InChI
1S/C21H30O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h12,16-19H,4-11H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1
InChIKey
RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N
The Metabolic Roadmap of This Drug
The Full List of Drug Metabolites (DM) of This Drug
DM Name DM ID PubChem ID Reaction DM Level REF
11-deoxycorticosterone DM002985
6166
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [9]
16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone DM000557
243761
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [9]
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone DM002987
6238
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [9]
20 a hydroxy- delta 4 a- prenolone DM002989 N. A. Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [17]
2alpha-hydroxyprogesterone DM002990
23239831
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [20]
5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone DM002988
8956
Unclear 1 [9]
6beta-hydroxyprogesterone DM002984
200149
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [9] , [20]
Pregnanediol DM002992
219833
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [21]
Pregnanetriol DM002993
101967
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [21]
Pregnanolone DM002991
31402
Oxidation - Hydroxylation 1 [21]
The Full List of Metabolic Reaction (MR) of This Drug
MR ID Reactant Product MR Type DME REF
MR002170 Progesterone 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone Oxidation - Hydroxylation CYP2C19 [9]
MR002171 Progesterone 6beta-hydroxyprogesterone Oxidation - Hydroxylation CYP3A4 [9], [20]
MR002172 Progesterone 11-deoxycorticosterone Oxidation - Hydroxylation CYP2D6 [9]
MR002173 Progesterone 17-OH progesterone Oxidation - Hydroxylation CYP17A1 [9]
MR002174 Progesterone 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone Unclear Unclear [9]
MR002175 Progesterone 20 a hydroxy- delta 4 a- prenolone Oxidation - Hydroxylation Unclear [17]
MR002176 Progesterone 2alpha-hydroxyprogesterone Oxidation - Hydroxylation Unclear [20]
MR002177 Progesterone Pregnanolone Oxidation - Hydroxylation Unclear [21]
MR002178 Progesterone Pregnanediol Oxidation - Hydroxylation Unclear [21]
MR002179 Progesterone Pregnanetriol Oxidation - Hydroxylation Unclear [21]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 MR(s)
Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme(s) (DME) Metabolizing This Drug
DME Name DME Info Species Uniprot ID EC Number REF
Aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1) DME0197 Homo sapiens
AK1C1_HUMAN
1.1.1.149
[2]
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) DME0028 Homo sapiens
CP46A_HUMAN
1.14.14.25
[3]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) DME0006 Homo sapiens
CP1A1_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[4]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) DME0023 Homo sapiens
CP1B1_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[5]
Cytochrome P450 21A2 (cyp21) DME1472 Bacillus megaterium
A0A250VKS1_STROL
1.14.14.16
[6] , [7]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DME0005 Homo sapiens
CP2A6_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[8]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DME0019 Homo sapiens
CP2C9_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DME0009 Homo sapiens
CP2D6_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[10]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DME0001 Homo sapiens
CP3A4_HUMAN
1.14.14.55
[11]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DME0012 Homo sapiens
CP3A5_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[12]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DME0015 Homo sapiens
CP3A7_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[13]
Cytochrome P450 4B1 (CYP4B1) DME0010 Homo sapiens
CP4B1_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[14]
Cytochrome P450 MEG (cyp106) DME1072 Bacillus megaterium
CPXM_BACME
1.14.15.8
[15]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1) DME0011 Homo sapiens
GSTA1_HUMAN
2.5.1.18
[16]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DME0021 Homo sapiens
CP2CJ_HUMAN
1.14.14.1
[9]
Steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase (CYP17A1) DME0024 Homo sapiens
CP17A_HUMAN
1.14.99.9
[17]
Steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) DME0037 Homo sapiens
CP21A_HUMAN
1.14.14.16
[18]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DME0008 Homo sapiens
ST1A1_HUMAN
2.8.2.1
[19]
⏷ Show the Full List of 18  DME(s)
References
1 Progesterone was approved by FDA. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2 Human 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (3alpha-HSD3): the V54L mutation restricting the steroid alternative binding and enhancing the 20alpha-HSD activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 May;141:135-43.
3 Broad substrate specificity of human cytochrome P450 46A1 which initiates cholesterol degradation in the brain. Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 9;42(48):14284-92.
4 Allelic variants of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1): effect of T461N and I462V substitutions on steroid hydroxylase specificity. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Aug;10(6):519-30.
5 Catalytic properties of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 1B1 variants. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Aug;20(8):1607-13.
6 acillus megaterium SF185 spores exert protective effects against oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 19;9(1):12082.
7 A Novel NADPH-dependent flavoprotein reductase from Bacillus megaterium acts as an efficient cytochrome P450 reductase. J Biotechnol. 2016 Aug 10;231:83-94.
8 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
9 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
10 Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Oct 22;129(1-2):117-23.
11 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
12 Human prostate CYP3A5: identification of a unique 5'-untranslated sequence and characterization of purified recombinant protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jul 14;260(3):676-81.
13 The role of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoform(s) in oxidative metabolism of testosterone and benzphetamine in human adult and fetal liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;44(1):61-7.
14 Steroid hormone hydroxylase specificities of eleven cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450s. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Oct;290(1):160-6.
15 Engineering of CYP106A2 for steroid 9alpha- and 6beta-hydroxylation. Steroids. 2017 Apr;120:41-48.
16 Human glutathione transferase A3-3, a highly efficient catalyst of double-bond isomerization in the biosynthetic pathway of steroid hormones. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 31;276(35):33061-5.
17 DrugBank(Pharmacology-Metabolism)Progesterone
18 Human cytochrome P450 21A2, the major steroid 21-hydroxylase: structure of the enzyme progesterone substrate complex and rate-limiting C-H bond cleavage. J Biol Chem. 2015 May 22;290(21):13128-43.
19 Progestagenic effects of tibolone are target gene-specific in human endometrial cells. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2006 Sep;13(6):459-65.
20 Progesterone Metabolites Produced by Cytochrome P450 3A Modulate Uterine Contractility in a Murine Model Reprod Sci. 2015 Dec;22(12):1577-86. doi: 10.1177/1933719115589414.
21 FDA:Progesterone

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