Details of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

General Information of DME (ID: DME1402)
DME Name Unclear metabolic mechanism (DME-unclear), Clostridium botulinum
Gene Name DME-unclear
Lineage    Species: Clostridium botulinum     (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage)
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Clostridia
Order: Clostridiales
Family: Clostridiaceae
Genus: Clostridium
Species: Clostridium botulinum
      Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (Sequence/Structure/Pathway/Function) of This DME
Tissue Distribution Primarily distributed in human gut.
Full List of Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
      Drugs Approved by FDA Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:        74 Drugs
Methylphenidate
 Drug Info Approved Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ICD11: 6A05 [1]
Prednisone
 Drug Info Approved Rheumatoid arthritis ICD11: FA20 [1]
Doxazosin
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Mycophenolate mofetil
 Drug Info Approved Crohn disease ICD11: DD70 [1]
Tacrolimus
 Drug Info Approved Ulcerative colitis ICD11: DD71 [1]
Terbinafine hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Pityriasis versicolor ICD11: 1F2D [1]
Colchicine
 Drug Info Approved Uncontrolled gout ICD11: FA25 [1]
Cyclobenzaprine
 Drug Info Approved Depression ICD11: 6A71 [1]
Duloxetine hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Depression ICD11: 6A71 [1]
Febuxostat
 Drug Info Approved Hyperuricaemia ICD11: 5C55 [1]
Deflazacort
 Drug Info Approved Muscular dystrophy ICD11: 8C70 [1]
Fluvoxamine maleate
 Drug Info Approved Obsessive-compulsive disorder ICD11: 6B20 [1]
Ketorolac
 Drug Info Approved Rheumatoid arthritis ICD11: FA20 [1]
Digitoxin
 Drug Info Approved Congestive heart failure ICD11: BD10 [1]
Levonorgestrel
 Drug Info Approved Menorrhagia ICD11: GA20 [1]
Nateglinide
 Drug Info Approved Diabetes mellitus ICD11: 5A10 [1]
Nevirapine
 Drug Info Approved Human immunodeficiency virus infection ICD11: 1C60 [1]
Norethindrone acetate
 Drug Info Approved Menorrhagia ICD11: GA20 [1]
Dasatinib
 Drug Info Approved Chronic myelogenous leukaemia ICD11: 2A20 [1]
Diltiazem hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Fluoxetine hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Depression ICD11: 6A71 [1]
Isradipine
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Oxaprozin
 Drug Info Approved Rheumatoid arthritis ICD11: FA20 [1]
Perindopril erbumine
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Riluzole
 Drug Info Approved Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ICD11: 8B60 [1]
Anastrozole
 Drug Info Approved Breast cancer ICD11: 2C60 [1]
Betamethasone valerate
 Drug Info Approved Psoriasis vulgaris ICD11: EA90 [1]
Budesonide
 Drug Info Approved Allergic rhinitis ICD11: CA08 [1]
Danazol
 Drug Info Approved Endometriosis ICD11: GA10 [1]
Eszopiclone
 Drug Info Approved Insomnia ICD11: 7A00 [1]
Indapamide
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Metamfetamine
 Drug Info Approved Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ICD11: 6A05 [2]
Mifepristone
 Drug Info Approved Cushing syndrome ICD11: 5A70 [1]
Omeprazole
 Drug Info Approved Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ICD11: DA22 [1]
Paroxetine hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Depression ICD11: 6A71 [1]
Pimozide
 Drug Info Approved Schizophrenia ICD11: 6A20 [1]
Ritonavir
 Drug Info Approved Human immunodeficiency virus infection ICD11: 1C60 [1]
Sulfasalazine
 Drug Info Approved Rheumatoid arthritis ICD11: FA20 [1]
Tolazamide
 Drug Info Approved Diabetes mellitus ICD11: 5A10 [1]
Clemastine fumarate
 Drug Info Approved Pulmonary oedema ICD11: CB01 [1]
Digoxin
 Drug Info Approved Cardiac arrhythmia ICD11: BC65 [1]
Ezetimibe
 Drug Info Approved Hypertriglyceridaemia ICD11: 5C80 [1]
Itraconazole
 Drug Info Approved Blastomycosis ICD11: 1F22 [1]
Loperamide hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Irritable bowel syndrome ICD11: DD91 [1]
Lovastatin
 Drug Info Approved Hypertriglyceridaemia ICD11: 5C80 [1]
Pantoprazole sodium
 Drug Info Approved Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ICD11: DA22 [1]
Pergolide mesylate
 Drug Info Approved Parkinsonism ICD11: 8A00 [1]
Procarbazine
 Drug Info Approved Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ICD11: 2A90 [1]
Zaleplon
 Drug Info Approved Insomnia ICD11: 7A00 [1]
Bromocriptine mesylate
 Drug Info Approved Parkinsonism ICD11: 8A00 [1]
Carisoprodol
 Drug Info Approved Depression ICD11: 6A71 [1]
Clopidogrel bisulfate
 Drug Info Approved Acute coronary syndrome ICD11: BA4Z [1]
Entacapone
 Drug Info Approved Parkinsonism ICD11: 8A00 [1]
Fluconazole
 Drug Info Approved Candidiasis ICD11: 1F23 [1]
Mebendazole
 Drug Info Approved Ascariasis ICD11: 1F62 [1]
Megestrol acetate
 Drug Info Approved Breast cancer ICD11: 2C60 [1]
Melphalan
 Drug Info Approved Multiple myeloma ICD11: 2A83 [1]
Penbutolol
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Quinapril
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Sildenafil citrate
 Drug Info Approved Erectile dysfunction ICD11: HA01 [1]
Tinidazole
 Drug Info Approved Protozoan infection ICD11: 1F5Z [1]
Anagrelide hydrochloride
 Drug Info Approved Thrombocytosis ICD11: 3B63 [1]
Dipyridamole
 Drug Info Approved Atherosclerosis ICD11: BA80 [1]
Norgestimate
 Drug Info Approved Acne vulgaris ICD11: ED80 [1]
Oxybutynin chloride
 Drug Info Approved Overactive bladder ICD11: GC50 [1]
Risperidone
 Drug Info Approved Schizophrenia ICD11: 6A20 [1]
Benzthiazide
 Drug Info Approved Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
Biperiden
 Drug Info Approved Parkinsonism ICD11: 8A00 [1]
Diflorasone diacetate
 Drug Info Approved Rosacea ICD11: ED90 [1]
Ethopropazine
 Drug Info Approved Parkinsonism ICD11: 8A00 [1]
Metaxalone
 Drug Info Approved Myalgia ICD11: FB56 [1]
Methsuximide
 Drug Info Approved Epilepsy ICD11: 8A60 [1]
Thiothixene
 Drug Info Approved Schizophrenia ICD11: 6A20 [1]
Trihexyphenidyl
 Drug Info Approved Parkinsonism ICD11: 8A00 [1]
      Drugs in Phase 4 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          9 Drugs
Cyproterone acetate
 Drug Info Phase 4 Polycystic ovary syndrome ICD11: 5A80 [1]
Artemisinin
 Drug Info Phase 4 Malaria ICD11: 1F40 [1]
Phenazopyridine
 Drug Info Phase 4 Infectious cystitis ICD11: GC00 [1]
Idebenone
 Drug Info Phase 4 Mitochondrial myopathy ICD11: 8C73 [1]
Trimebutine
 Drug Info Phase 4 Irritable bowel syndrome ICD11: DD91 [1]
Racecadotril
 Drug Info Phase 4 Irritable bowel syndrome ICD11: DD91 [1]
Bisacodyl
 Drug Info Phase 4 Irritable bowel syndrome ICD11: DD91 [1]
Nicergoline
 Drug Info Phase 4 Acne vulgaris ICD11: ED80 [1]
Pidotimod
 Drug Info Phase 4 Pulmonary tuberculosis ICD11: 1B10 [1]
      Drugs in Phase 3 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          1 Drugs
LS-187709
 Drug Info Phase 3 Psoriasis vulgaris ICD11: EA90 [1]
      Drugs in Phase 2 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          4 Drugs
AY-27,255
 Drug Info Phase 2/3 Haemorrhagic stroke ICD11: 8B20 [1]
ENT-50146
 Drug Info Phase 2 Cocaine addiction ICD11: 6C45 [1]
TU-199
 Drug Info Phase 2 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ICD11: DA22 [1]
BRN-0889798
 Drug Info Phase 2 Keratoconjunctivitis sicca ICD11: 9A79 [1]
      Drugs in Phase 1 Clinical Trial Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          2 Drugs
BCP-13538
 Drug Info Phase 1 Bronchitis ICD11: CA20 [1]
BRN-0498823
 Drug Info Phase 1 Essential hypertension ICD11: BA00 [1]
      Discontinued/withdrawn Drugs Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drugs:          2 Drugs
Levamisole
 Drug Info Discontinued Ascariasis ICD11: 1F62 [3]
WIN-4692
 Drug Info Discontinued Cerebral vasospasm ICD11: BA85 [1]
References
1 Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes. Nature. 2019 Jun;570(7762):462-467.
2 The demethylation of methamphetamine by intestinal microflora. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1973 May;25(5):422-4.
3 Metabolism of levamisole, an anti-colon cancer drug, by human intestinal bacteria. Xenobiotica. 1991 Jun;21(6):737-50.

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